Evolution of the Geological Environment and Exploration for Life on Mars

Nowadays, Mars is a cold desert planet with a nearly vanishing magnetic field, a lack of volcanoes, thin and oxygendepleted atmosphere, and severe solar and cosmic radiation,which is not suitable for the survival and reproduction of life.Nevertheless, Mars is the most similar planetary body to Earth in the solar system:volcanoes (Xiao et al., 2023a; Wilson,2009; Greeley and Spudis, 1981), widespread dry vallies and other fluvial landforms (Shi et al., 2022a, b; Zhao et al., 2021;