XPS Study on Barium Lanthanum Magnesium Niobate

Relaxor-type ferroelectric perovskites attract a lot of attentions due to their excellent dielectric and electrostrictive properties. (Ba,La)(Mg, Nb)O3(BLMN) ceramics were synthesized from oxides by sintering in airs using a conventional mixed oxide process. Thermogravimetry-differential analyzer (TG-DTA) analysis shows that the fired temperature of the Ba(Mg1/3, Nb2/3)O3 is above 1627.2 K. From the study of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, it is founded that the amount of the perovskite phase increases with the increasing amount of La2O3. Furthermore, by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, it is discovered that the amount of Nb4+ is increased as La2O3 dopant increases from 0 to 0.04.