The level of keratoconus awareness among general population in Northern Border Region of Saudi Arabia

Aim: The study aims to evaluate the level of awareness regarding keratoconus (KCN) among residents of the Northern Border Region in Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted in the Northern Border Region of Saudi Arabia, utilized an electronically distributed questionnaire. Participants aged 18 to 65 provided informed consent. Data analysis was performed using STATA/SE 11.2 and MS Excel, employing descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test. Stepwise multiple logistic regression identified significant predictors of good KCN awareness (P<0.05). Results: Among 511 participants, predominantly female (76.52%) and young adults (18-29 years) with at least a bachelor's or diploma degree, only 19% demonstrated good awareness. Significant differences in awareness were observed by gender, education level, and family history of KCN. The internet/ social media was the primary information source (53.62%). Over half recognized eye rubbing and allergies as risk factors, and most acknowledged the need for treatment. Awareness of specific treatments was low, with only 23.09% and 24.07% knowing about contact lenses and corneal collagen cross-linking, respectively. Notably, 27% incorrectly believed KCN could be treated with eye drops. Awareness of KCN complications varied, with 56.16% recognizing its impact on quality of life. Discussion: Keratoconus awareness among participants was poor, with misconceptions about treatment modalities. Proper awareness campaigns and education programs are needed to enhance this awareness and improve the quality of life for affected individuals.