Prevalence of Dental Abnormalities, Soft Tissue Pathologies and Occlusion Disorders in Patients with High BMI: A Cross-sectional Study

Purpose: The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and oral disorders remains unclear. This study examined the prevalence and types of dental abnormalities and oral mucosal lesions among female students with obesity attending a Taif University sports centre. Materials and Methods: This non-interventional cross-sectional study enrolled female students with high BMI from a university sports facility using a convivence sampling method. The participants were divided into three BMI groups. Data were collected using an interview and by clinical oral examination. Prevalence and oral disorder types and possible mechanisms linking BMI and dental development were evaluated. Results: Ultimately, 86 female students with obesity were analysed. The mean BMI was 42.8 kg/m(2), indicating high obesity levels. A weak although statistically significant correlation was observed between age and BMI (r=0.27), indicating that older students had higher BMI. A statistically significant association was observed between BMI and dental abnormalities (p <0.05). The dental abnormality prevalence increased with BMI, ranging from 37.5% to 40.7% in the <= 40 and >45 kg/m(2) groups, groups, respectively. Most participants (66.3%) had oral mucosal lesions, with the highest prevalence among participants in the 40-45 kg/m(2) group (71.4%). Conclusion: A statistically significant relationship was observed between BMI and dental abnormalities; obesity may negatively affect oral health.