Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicles Considering Uncertain Arrival Times and Time-of-Use Price

To advance sustainable transportation solutions, this work investigates an electric vehicle charging scheduling problem under the uncertainty of vehicle arrival times. Given a set of appointed electric vehicles, the objective of the considered problem is to explore charging strategies that minimize the total charging cost for the charging station. To address this problem, this work first establishes a mixed-integer programming model. Then, an enhanced sample average approximation approach alongside two versions of distribution-free approaches are applied to solve the studied problem. Additionally, this study introduces a BP neural network-enhanced distribution-free approach to efficiently resolve the problem. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.