System friendliness of distributed resources in sustainable energy systems

The increasing share of volatile renewable energy generation in current and future energy systems which does not follow the demand, makes it necessary to shift the synchronization tasks to the system and demand level. The intended demand side consumption management is usually incentivized via financial mechanisms. However, the optimum design of related incentives is still unclear. It is usually discussed under the term "system friendliness"which in turn still lacks a broadly accepted definition. In this article we introduce a new technical definition of "system friendliness"and develop comprehensive and holistic related indicators. For that, we introduce the burden concept for energy systems which represents the amount of technical infrastructure required for stable operation. We use the concept of a hypothetical system energy storage to derive indicators that are capable of quantifying the system friendliness of a given point-of-interest. The developed indicators are independent of regulations or market environments which enables comparability of results between studies and different systems. In a case study we demonstrate our newly developed methodology and exemplary examine decentral district energy storages. Our findings demonstrate that today's regulatory environments that usually support residential self-consumption maximization are counterproductive. Instead, we show that dynamic end-user prices coupled with dynamic feed in tariffs are able to incentivize an almost 100% system friendly behavior of distributed prosumers.