A Fuzzy Inertia-Based Virtual Synchronous Generator Model for Managing Grid Frequency Under Large-Scale Electric Vehicle Integration

The rapid proliferation of EVs has ushered in a transformative era for the power industry, characterized by increased demand volatility and grid frequency instability. In response to these challenges, this paper introduces a novel approach that combines fuzzy logic with adaptive inertia control to improve the frequency stability of grids amidst large-scale electric vehicle (EV) integration. The proposed methodology not only adapts to varying charging scenarios but also strikes a balance between steady-state and dynamic performance considerations. This research establishes a solid theoretical foundation for the inertia-adaptive virtual synchronous generator (VSG) concept and introduces a pioneering fuzzy inertia-based VSG methodology. Additionally, it incorporates adaptive output scaling factors to enhance the robustness and adaptability of the control strategy. These contributions offer valuable insights into the evolving landscape of adaptive VSG strategies and provide a pragmatic solution to the pressing challenges arising from the integration of large-scale EVs, ultimately fostering the resilience and sustainability of contemporary power systems. Finally, simulation results illustrate that the new proposed fuzzy adaptive inertia-based VSG method is effective and has superior advantages over the traditional VSG and droop control strategies. Specifically, the proposed method reduces the maximum frequency change by 25% during load transitions, with a peak variation of 0.15 Hz compared to 0.2 Hz for the traditional VSG.