Internationalization from the Perspective of Quality Assurance and Enhancement: A Comprehensive Framework for Internationalization through Novel Lens "Flow of Quality"

The main aim of this research study is to present the current understanding of the concepts, scope, objectives, and approaches related to internationalization as a qualitative review, and explore and discuss the comprehensive framework for internationalization from the perspective of quality assurance and enhancement, seen through novel lens termed the "Flow of Quality", which draws upon concepts and theories from the domain of quality management. This framework emphasizes the dynamic and complex nature of internationalization, encompasses various dimensions including context, policy rationales, flow of quality, and the internationalization-quality axis. The framework proposes a synergetic approach integrating inputs, processes, outcomes, outputs, and impacts, informed by models such as the CIPO model (context, inputs, process, and output). We applied a grounded theory approach and qualitative content analyses. This paper makes an original and valuable contribution because the paper underscores a performance-oriented approach in internationalization efforts and highlights the need for proactive customization of internationalization processes. The framework is positioned to guide higher education institutions in implementing and monitoring internationalization strategies tailored to their specific contexts and needs. The conclusion outlines the implications for research, policy, and practice and recommends avenues for future research, such as outputs, outcomes, and impacts.