Steleops is a small genus of bark lice currently comprising 24 species, mainly distributed in the Neotropical region, but also with some representatives in the Nearctic. This genus belongs to the family Psocidae and its monophyly has been open to question based on molecular phylogenetic hypothesis of the whole family. Based on a phylogenetic analysis using morphological characters of males of the known Steleops species and of 20 new species, seven groups of species in this genus are proposed. The new species, described and illustrated here, are the following: S. bolivianus sp. nov., S. braziliensis sp. nov., S. caliensis sp. nov., S. caquetensis sp. nov., S. clavatus sp. nov., S. coconuco sp. nov., S. cumbrensis sp. nov., S. ecuadorensis sp. nov., S. enderleini sp. nov. S. furcatus sp. nov., S. garcialdretei sp. nov., S. huilensis sp. nov., S. iguaquensis sp. nov., S. juliani sp. nov., S. lapazensis sp. nov., S. meremberg sp. nov., S. similis sp. nov. S. taurus sp. nov., S. tenerife sp. nov. and S. viridis sp. nov. A dichotomous key for determining the species (with known males) of the different groups of Steleops species is also presented.