Tree traits are a stronger predictor of bee traits and species richness than taxonomic diversity

被引:0
|
作者
Gonzalez-Chaves, Adrian [1 ,2 ]
Borges, Rafael Cabral [1 ]
Andrino, Caroline O. [1 ,3 ]
Barbosa-Silva, Rafael G. [1 ,4 ]
Maia, Ulysses Madureira [1 ]
Giannini, Tereza C. [1 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Inst Tecnol Vale, Belem, Brazil
[2] Univ Fed Goias, Goiania, Brazil
[3] Univ Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
[4] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, PA, Brazil
[5] Univ Fed Para, Belem, Brazil
关键词
Amazon forest; functional diversity; pollinators; tree size; wood density; FOREST; APIDAE; BIODIVERSITY; POLLINATORS; MELIPONINI; REDUNDANCY; EVOLUTION;
D O I
10.1111/1365-2435.14686
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Functional traits help to understand biological diversity and the mechanism by which ecological communities are structured and how they respond to the environment. For example, the high tree species diversity within tropical forests can be grouped into a few functional attributes, wood density, size and dependence on animal pollination or seed dispersal. However, little is known about how these traits influence animal taxonomic and functional diversity in the forests. We carried out a vegetation census on six plots (20 x 100 m) within the National Forest of Caraj & aacute;s (Amazon biome) to identify forest canopy species and their functional traits. Within the same plot, we also applied three bee sampling methods (entomological nets, honey traps and scent traps). By characterizing the functional traits of trees and bees, we were able to predict bee functional diversity better than with taxonomic diversity alone via combinations of tree traits like size, wood density, dependence on pollinators and extinction risk. We found that larger trees with low wood density were negatively associated with small, eusocial tree cavity nesting bees. The richness and abundance of trees with high extinction risk was positively associated with the richness of medium-sized solitary bees. The dominance in the community of pollinator-dependent trees (average diameter in the basal area) was negatively associated with the richness of above-ground and cavity nesting bees. Our findings suggest that the composition of the tree community limits the availability of nesting resources for specific groups of bees. Moreover, the presence of trees with higher extinction risk (conservation value) was associated with a greater variety of bee traits and was the only metric associated with overall bee richness. As expected, functional traits shed light on the mechanism that might drive high diversity within tropical forests. In addition, there appears to be complementarity in terms of conservation value and carbon stock potential, as areas that habour tree species with higher extinction risk and higher wood density are also those with overall greater bee and functional diversity. Finally, our study can contribute to the restoration of plant-pollinator community by providing an understanding of the vegetation community that contributes to biodiversity maintenance.Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Os atributos funcionais ajudam a entender a diversidade biol & oacute;gica, o mecanismo pelo qual as comunidades ecol & oacute;gicas est & atilde;o estruturadas e como elas respondem ao ambiente. Por exemplo, a alta diversidade de esp & eacute;cies de & aacute;rvores em florestas tropicais pode ser agrupada por alguns atributos funcionais, como densidade da madeira, tamanho e depend & ecirc;ncia de animais para a sua poliniza & ccedil;& atilde;o e dispers & atilde;o de sementes. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre como esses atributos influenciam a diversidade taxon & ocirc;mica e funcional dos animais. N & oacute;s realizamos um invent & aacute;rio da vegeta & ccedil;& atilde;o em seis parcelas (20 x 100 m) dentro da Floresta Nacional de Caraj & aacute;s (bioma Amaz & ocirc;nico) para identificar esp & eacute;cies do dossel florestal e seus atributos funcionais. Na mesma parcela, aplicamos tamb & eacute;m tr & ecirc;s m & eacute;todos de amostragem de abelhas (coleta ativa, armadilhas de mel e armadilhas de cheiro). Ao caracterizar os atributos funcionais das & aacute;rvores e abelhas, conseguimos predizer melhor a diversidade funcional das abelhas em compara & ccedil;& atilde;o com a diversidade taxon & ocirc;mica sozinha, atrav & eacute;s de combina & ccedil;& otilde;es de atributos das & aacute;rvores, como tamanho, densidade da madeira, depend & ecirc;ncia de polinizadores e risco de extin & ccedil;& atilde;o. Descobrimos que a & aacute;rea basal de & aacute;rvores com baixa densidade de madeira est & aacute; negativamente associada a abelhas pequenas, eussociais e que nidificam em cavidades de & aacute;rvores. A riqueza de abelhas solit & aacute;rias de tamanho m & eacute;dio foi positivamente associada & agrave; riqueza e abund & acirc;ncia de & aacute;rvores com risco de extin & ccedil;& atilde;o. A domin & acirc;ncia da comunidade (di & acirc;metro m & eacute;dio na & aacute;rea basal) de & aacute;rvores dependentes de polinizadores foi negativamente associada & agrave; riqueza de abelhas que nidificam acima do solo e em cavidades. Nossos resultados sugerem que a composi & ccedil;& atilde;o da comunidade de & aacute;rvores limita a disponibilidade de recursos para a nidifica & ccedil;& atilde;o de grupos espec & iacute;ficos de abelhas. Al & eacute;m disso, a presen & ccedil;a de & aacute;rvores com risco de extin & ccedil;ao est & aacute; associada a uma maior variedade de tra & ccedil;os de abelhas e foi a & uacute;nica m & eacute;trica associada & agrave; riqueza total de abelhas. Como esperado, os atributos funcionais elucidaram o mecanismo que pode impulsionar a alta diversidade em florestas tropicais. Al & eacute;m disso, parece haver complementaridade em termos de valor de conserva & ccedil;& atilde;o e potencial de estoque de carbono, pois as & aacute;reas que abrigam esp & eacute;cies de & aacute;rvores com risco de extin & ccedil;& atilde;o e maior densidade de madeira s & atilde;o tamb & eacute;m aquelas com maior diversidade funcional e de abelhas. Finalmente, nosso estudo pode contribuir para a restaura & ccedil;& atilde;o da comunidade planta-polinizador ao fornecer um entendimento sobre como a comunidade vegetal contribui para a manuten & ccedil;& atilde;o da biodiversidade
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页码:281 / 292
页数:12
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