Construction of a high-resolution city-level emission inventory based on multiple methods: a case study of Cangzhou City, China

Cangzhou is an important city in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region for assessing air quality. Based on the data from the Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS) and other sources, in this study, we used a combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches to establish an emission inventory of nine atmospheric pollutants in Cangzhou City in 2018. The results showed that the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 mu m and 2.5 mu m (PM10 and PM2.5), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), black carbon (BC), and organic carbon (OC) were 20.29, 82.67, 116.41, 54.87, 702.81, 87.66, 62.00, 4.15, and 3.83 kt, respectively. Most of the emitted pollutants were concentrated in the eastern and southern areas of Cangzhou, but NH3 was emitted the most in the eastern region. In this study, we revealed the emission characteristics of air pollutants and put forward the air pollution control suggestions, which can not only provide a scientific basis for pollution control efforts in the city and similar industrial structure of the city but also offer valuable insights and references for environmental governance across the BTH region. Analyzing emission characteristics and mitigation measures in Cangzhou enhanced understanding of pollution status and management needs in the BTH region, thereby supporting regional coordinated governance with data-backed policy recommendations.