Scalable production and performance optimization of Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries

The Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathode materials have garnered significant attention for grid energy storage due to their high theoretical capacity, rate performance, and cyclic stability. However, challenges persist, including inadequate electronic and ionic conductivity. This study addresses these issues through a novel solution-spray drying process using soluble precursors to achieve homogeneous mixing at the atomic level. This method not only promotes the formation of pure-phase NVP but also reduces carbon content effectively. Optimized heat treatment further enhances specific capacity, achieving 114 mAh/g at 0.1C with a coulombic efficiency of 99 %. These results highlight a scalable approach to improve the commercial viability of sodium-ion batteries by enabling efficient production of high-performance NVP cathode composites.