Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) Supplementation in Adult Horses Supports Improved Skeletal Muscle Inflammatory Gene Expression Following Exercise

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a sulfur-containing molecule with reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Exercise causes the formation of free radicals and stimulates inflammatory gene expression in leukocytes and skeletal muscle. The hypothesis that dietary supplementation with MSM alters the exercise-mediated inflammatory and oxidant response was assessed in unfit adult thoroughbred geldings. Ten geldings (6.7 +/- 1.6 yr) were assigned to a diet supplemented without (CON, n = 5) or with 21 g of MSM (n = 5) for 30 days. Following the supplementation period, horses performed a standardized exercise test (SET) with blood collections before (t = 0), 10 min, 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h post-SET. Skeletal muscle biopsies were retrieved from the middle gluteus before and 1 h post-SET for total RNA isolation. All horses were rested for 120 days before the experiment was repeated in a cross-over design. Plasma total antioxidant capacity was unaffected (p > 0.05) by either exercise or MSM. Plasma glutathione peroxidase activity was less (p < 0.05) in MSM horses than in the CON. Plasma IL6, IL8, IL10, and TNF alpha were unaffected (p > 0.05) by either exercise or diet. Transcriptomic analysis of skeletal muscle revealed 35 genes were differentially expressed (DEG; p < 0.05) by 2-fold or more in response to exercise; no MSM DEGs were noted. A comparison of the exercise by diet contrasts revealed that horses supplemented with MSM contained a greater number of exercise-responsive genes (630; logFC > 0.2; q < 0.05) by comparison to the CON (237), with many of these mapping to the immune response (71) and cytokine signal transduction (60) pathways. These results suggest supplementation of MSM as a dietary aid for improved anti-inflammatory responses in skeletal muscle following exercise.