Impact of Heat Acclimatisation in Sports: A Narrative Review

Background. The summer is a time for various sporting events, many of which occur in hot and humid environments. Heat exposure can have a significant impact on athletic performance and can even be fatal. Heat acclimatization (HA) is gradually exposing the body to hot environments to improve its ability to regulate temperature and function in the heat. Objectives. This paper reviews the physiological changes associated with heat exposure and the effects of HA on athletic performance. It also provides recommendations for minimizing heat-related illness and death in sports. Methods. A literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies on HA and heat-related illness in sports. The search terms used included "heat acclimatization," "heat stress," "sport," and "performance". Results. Heat acclimatization induces a series of beneficial physiological adaptations that contribute to enhanced athletic performance in hot conditions. These changes include increased sweating, heart rate, and blood flow to the skin. Enhances thermoregulatory mechanisms, allowing the body to better cope with heat stress and improving sweat rate and electrolyte balance, aiding in more efficient cooling. Acclimatization results in increased plasma volume, reducing the risk of dehydration. Additionally, it promotes cardiovascular adaptations, enhancing overall heat tolerance. HA can improve exercise performance in hot conditions, making it a valuable strategy for athletes and workers in warm environments. Therefore, proper HA can reduce the risk of heat exhaustion and heatstroke. Conclusion. HA is an important tool for athletes who train and compete in hot environments. It can improve performance, reduce the risk of heat-related illness, and even save lives. Sports federations and coaches should encourage athletes to participate in HA programs. HA programs should include gradual exposure to hot environments, both with and without exercise.