Socio-demographic determinants and risk factors for Lymphatic Filariasis in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh: A Community based Case-Control Study

Background: Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) is reported in 345 districts across 20 states and Union territories across India and Banda district in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh continues to experience high LF prevalence. Aims and objectives: to assess the socio-demographic determinants and risk factors for LF in Banda. Materials and methods: This case-control study included 233 LF cases, with equal number of age- and sex-matched controls. A two-stage random sampling method was used and data was collected through face-to-face interviews in the community. Appropriate statistical methods were used and odds ratios were calculated. Results: The study found that male and individuals in the age group of 41-50 years were most commonly affected. Farmers; those using public toilet as well as those who were having animal shelter or water source inside their houses had higher odds of LF; whereas individuals who were living in a nuclear family or belong to upper & middle socio-economic class; and had a water and solid waste management system in their community had significantly lower odds of LF. Conclusion: Apart from finding differences in key socioeconomic and environmental factors, study emphasizes the need to reduce mosquito breeding sites and improve housing and environmental conditions to combat LF.