South-North Migrations from the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia in the Americas. 'Segmented Detention' and 'Detainability' in South America

. Objective/context: To analyze the experiences and police/state practices of detaining migrants from the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia in the Amazon-Andean "transit zone," based on the transformations occurring in the "illegality industry" within South America, amid the intensification and diversification of south-north migrations in the Americas between 2021 and 2022. Methodology: The research is based on ethnographic work conducted in 2022 at the tri-border area of Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru. It includes interviews and conversations with state, institutional, and social actors; in-person (and later digital) interactions with migrants from Cuba, Haiti, and Venezuela; and observations on the mobility and border crossings of migrants from the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia. Conclusions: The punitive experiences of migrants from the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia reveal that the mode of migration governance and a particular form of spatial containment. This invites a deeper exploration of the migratory, economic, policing, and racial regimes of mobility and immobility in the Americas. Originality: This article examines a dimension that is little explored in critical migration and border studies: the stemming from the racialized exploitation of fear and the extraction of value from the mobility of migrants categorized as "extra-regional" in South America.