[1] CheongJu Univ, Dept Hotel & Foodserv Management, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, South Korea
[2] Univ Cent Florida, Rosen Coll Hospitality Management, Orlando, FL USA
[3] Univ Econ Ho Chi Minh City, Sch Tourism, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
[4] Keimyung Univ, Coll Business Adm, Dept Tourism Management, Daegu, South Korea
[5] Sejong Univ, Coll Hospitality & Tourism Management, 98 Gunja Dong, Seoul 143747, South Korea