Assessing the Effectiveness of Climate-Smart Irrigation Practices in Improving Household Income Among Smallholder Maize Farmers in Botswana

被引:0
|
作者
Jagadeesh, Dhanya [1 ]
Christian, Mzuyanda [2 ]
Letsoalo, Simon [1 ]
机构
[1] North West Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Extens, Private Bag X2046, ZA-2735 Mmabatho, South Africa
[2] Univ Mpumalanga, Sch Agr Sci, ZA-1200 Mbombela, South Africa
关键词
adoption; climate-smart agriculture; climate-smart irrigation; PSM model; ATT; Botswana; ADOPTION; AGRICULTURE; MANAGEMENT; DROUGHT; IMPACT;
D O I
10.3390/su16229693
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The growing impacts of climate change have adversely affected smallholder farmers across the world, leading to low output, decreased incomes, and high levels of food insecurity. As a result, farmers have been advised to find alternative ways of dealing with this phenomenon. The low adoption of climate-smart irrigation technology in Botswana warrants an investigation into the factors and the impact of adoption. This study used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data from 271 smallholder maize farmers, who were selected through a multi-stage sampling approach. Descriptive statistics, probit regression, and propensity score matching technique (PSM) were employed to analyze the data. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents (55%) were male and 62% of farmers were above 50 years. The majority (62%) of the participants had a farm size of less than 5 ha and were heavily reliant on family labour for farm operations. Despite high (66%) awareness of climate-smart irrigation technology, many (52%) farmers did not adopt smart irrigation in Botswana. Age, gender, and access to credit had a statistical and negative influence on adoption. However, level of education and farming experience had a positive influence on adoption. The result of the propensity score matching model indicated that farmers using climate-smart irrigation techniques experienced positive and significant improvement in crop yield compared to dryland farmers. The study recommends that relevant institutions in Botswana should design a strategy that will be tailored to addressing issues of access to credit, facilitate training and education on advanced irrigation methods, and encourage more young farmers to engage in farming activities.
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页数:14
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