The effect of emotional cues on attentional bias to food cues in women with body weight dissatisfaction

The eating behavior of individuals is susceptible to various factors. Emotion is an important factor that influences eating behaviors, especially in women who care about their body weight and dissatisfied with their bodies. This study explored the effect of emotional cues on attentional bias toward food in women with body weight dissatisfaction (BWD). Following the Negative Physical Self Scale-Fatness scores, a total of 60 females were recruited: twenty-nine were assigned to the BWD group, and thirty-one were assigned to the no body weight dissatisfaction (NBWD) group. All participants completed the food dot-probe task after exposure to emotional cues, and their eye-tracking data were recorded. The results showed greater duration bias and first fixation direction bias for high-calorie food in the BWD group than in the NBWD group after exposure to negative emotional cues. After exposure to positive emotional cues, the BWD group showed greater first-fixation duration bias and duration bias for high-calorie food than for low-calorie food. The present study found an effect of emotion on the attention bias toward food in women with BWD, and it provided insight into the psychological mechanism of the relationship between emotion and eating behaviors in women with BWD. Our study suggests that both negative and positive emotional cues may lead women with BWD to focus on high-calorie foods.