Internal Pricing Mechanism of Virtual Power Plant Considering Uncertainty of Source and Load

To effectively avoid the market risk of double uncertainty of internal renewable energy output and load demand during the operation of virtual power plants, this paper proposes an internal pricing strategy for virtual power plants that considers the double source-load uncertainty and real-time market linkage based on the full consideration of the thermoelectrolytic coupling. The model can not only design a two-tier, two-stage internal pricing model that takes into account the source-load uncertainty based on constructing the revenue functions of producers and consumers, flexible loads, and the virtual plant operator, but also fully identifies and deals with the stochastic nature of the "source-load" side of the system to formulate the economically optimal operation strategy to avoid resource wastage, and effectively characterizes the relationship between system operation cost and default risk. It can also effectively characterize the correlation between system operation cost and counterparty risk, providing a theoretical basis for decision-makers to evaluate the risk of energy supply default and economic benefits.