Psychiatric diagnoses of professional musicians: Results of an outpatient service specializing in musicians' health

Professional musicians are often confronted with multiple profession-related stressors, which may be associated with an increased risk of mental strain, but empirical evidence focusing on clinical samples of musicians is limited. The aim of this study was to examine clinically confirmed mental disorders and personality accentuations in musicians attending a musician-specific outpatient service, to better understand how occupational and person-related stressors may impact their mental health. We performed a cross-sectional secondary data analysis of diagnoses and sociodemographic data of 678 professional musicians (including music students) that were routinely collected in the outpatient clinic. Of the 678 patients, 110 (16.2%) received a tentative psychiatric diagnosis, and 46 presented themselves to the psychiatric outpatient clinic for extensive diagnostics (using ICD-10 and SKID-II). In these 46 musicians, depression (39%) and music performance anxiety (26%) were the most frequent diagnoses, followed by adjustment disorders (13%) and somatoform disorders (11%). Twenty-eight percent of the sample fulfilled the criteria of either a personality disorder or accentuation. The frequency rates emphasize the importance of targeting the mental health of professional musicians with preventive and therapeutic measures. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to validate and extend our findings and develop individual preventive measures.