Pediatric Dent disease presenting with rickets and end-stage renal disease: case report and literature review

Dent disease is a rare disease with proximal renal tubular dysfunction, and is characterized by low-molecular-weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, and chronic kidney disease. Renal failure slowly progresses and end-stage renal disease may develop in the late decades of life. We report a case of a 15-year-old boy who was diagnosed with Dent disease 1 with a CLCN5 truncating mutation. The patient presented with arthralgia and rickets at the onset of Dent disease and he was diagnosed with end-stage renal disease at the age of 15 years. His only symptoms were arthralgia and rickets during the disease course. The findings in this case suggest that patients with arthralgia and rickets could have a rare cause such as Dent disease.