Carbon Cycling in Marine Particles Based on Inorganic and Organic Stable Isotopes

The marine carbon cycle has a central role in biogeochemical cycling and a close interaction with the climate system. Here, we use the stable carbon isotope (delta C-13) of particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) in marine particles to diagnose carbonate dissolution and organic matter respiration processes in the ocean water column. We show PIC dissolution both in the euphotic zone, potentially driven by POC remineralization, and a preferential dissolution of coccoliths compared to foraminifera below the saturation horizon in the water column. Within the oxygen deficient zone (ODZ), POC remineralization and consequent respiration-driven PIC dissolution are both significantly diminished. We also demonstrate that POC remineralization preferentially removes a C-13-enriched component compared to isotopically-light bulk POC in both the large size fraction (LSF, > 51 mu m) and small size fraction (SSF, 0.5 - 51 mu m) of the pump particles, but exhibits a greater impact on the large particles because of its smaller inventory. Simultaneously, addition of delta C-13-enriched heterotrophic or chemoautotrophic component to the SSF further increases the isotopic offset between SSF and LSF POC. Overall, this study uses delta C-13 to provide novel evidence for different biogeochemical processes in marine particles, and demonstrates carbonate dissolution in the ocean water column, both driven by bulk seawater chemistry and organic matter respiration within particles. The absence of O-2 in the ODZ likely protects carbonate from dissolving by severely limiting organic matter respiration, thus reducing shallow PIC dissolution within the ODZs.