Intercultural competence in healthcare - a narrative review of definitions, quality criteria and the effectiveness of training measures

Background Around a quarter of the German population has a migrant background. There are some differences in the healthcare provided to migrants and their successor generations compared to people without a migrant background. The aim of this review was to show the different definitions of intercultural competence (ICC), the different target groups of doctors and nursing staff given ICC training courses, and the extent to which the effectiveness of these courses can be assessed with the help of existing quality criteria. Method Relevant publications were found by searching PUBMED, reviewing the references and literature databases of the participating authors and additionally using Google and Researchgate web searches. Both German- and English-language publications were included in the search. Result There are several definitions and explanations of ICC, some of which differ, but most of of them include the aspects of cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural sensitivity, cultural interaction and cultural understanding. Previous studies show different target groups for ICC training and a methodologically heterogeneous assessment of the effectiveness of these measures. Conclusion There is a great need for methodologically sound studies using standardised and objectifiable criteria for the evaluation of intercultural training. Further development of measures, guidelines and political framework conditions would be important for patients, professionals, organisations and associations.