Precision Medicine in Oncology: Personalized Approaches for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis

Precision medicine has emerged as a transformative approach in oncology, offering personalized strategies for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of precision medicine's role in oncology, focusing on genomic profiling, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, liquid biopsies, and personalized monitoring. By analyzing the genetic and molecular characteristics of individual tumors, precision medicine enables the identification of specific mutations and biomarkers that drive cancer progression. This knowledge facilitates the selection of targeted therapies tailored to each patient's unique tumor biology, improving treatment efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. Additionally, immunotherapy harnesses the body's immune system to target cancer cells, with biomarkers guiding patient selection and predicting treatment response. Liquid biopsies offer a non-invasive method for detecting circulating tumor DNA and monitoring treatment response over time.