SYNERGISTIC IMPACT OF LEAN PRACTICES AND INDUSTRY 4.0 TECHNOLOGIES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE ROMANIAN AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR

Since 2018, the global economy has faced multiple crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic and semiconductor shortages, significantly impacting various industries, particularly the automotive sector. This study investigates the synergistic effects of Lean practices and Industry 4.0 technologies on organizational performance within the Romanian automotive industry. Utilizing Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and focusing on the Return on Assets (ROA) as a performance indicator, the research reveals that comprehensive integration of Lean practices and Industry 4.0 technologies significantly enhances financial performance. The findings underscore the importance of a holistic approach, where Lean practices streamline processes and Industry 4.0 technologies optimize operations, leading to superior profitability and operational efficiency. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the strategic adoption of these combined practices for sustained competitive advantage.