Tracing change through different text types and genres: successes and challenges

In this article I begin by presenting some examples from Early-Modern French of how, using a large multi-genre database (Frantext), it is possible to track the spread of change and how it embeds across different genres (the genres in Frantext ranging from correspondence and first-person travel narratives to essays and poetry). These case studies allow us to explore a number of questions, including which changes seem to diffuse "from above" and which rather come "from below"; and which textual sources best reflect "authentic" usage or indeed are closest to reflecting spoken usage. They also raise questions as to whether it is possible to create a continuum of genres with those that are more "progressive" or are early adopters of change at one end, and those which are more resistant to change at the other. I then discuss some of the challenges surrounding this work, including the theorization (or lack of theorization) of text types and genres in various corpora and the privileging of other factors when they are elaborated. Consequently, there is currently a lack of comparability between different corpora in the way they categorize and calibrate different text types and genres. Dans cet article, je commence par pr & eacute;senter quelques exemples tir & eacute;s du fran & ccedil;ais de la premi & egrave;re modernit & eacute;, qui montrent comment, & agrave; l'aide d'une grande base de donn & eacute;es multi-genres (Frantext), il est possible de tracer la propagation du changement et la fa & ccedil;on dont il s'int & egrave;gre & agrave; travers diff & eacute;rents genres (les genres allant de la correspondance et des r & eacute;cits de voyage & agrave; la premi & egrave;re personne aux essais et & agrave; la po & eacute;sie). Ces & eacute;tudes de cas nous permettent d'explorer plusieurs questions, notamment quels changements semblent se diffuser "d'en haut" et lesquels viennent plut & ocirc;t "d'en bas" ; et quelles sources textuelles refl & egrave;tent le mieux l'usage "authentique" ou se rapprochent le plus de l'usage parl & eacute;. Elles soul & egrave;vent & eacute;galement la question de savoir s'il est possible de cr & eacute;er un continuum de genres avec ceux qui sont plus "progressistes" & agrave; une extr & eacute;mit & eacute; et ceux qui sont plus r & eacute;sistants au changement & agrave; l'autre. J'aborde ensuite certains d & eacute;fis associ & eacute;s & agrave; ce travail, notamment la th & eacute;orisation (ou l'absence de th & eacute;orisation) des types de texte et des genres dans divers corpus et la priorit & eacute; accord & eacute;e & agrave; d'autres facteurs lors de leur & eacute;laboration. Par cons & eacute;quent, il existe actuellement un manque de comparabilit & eacute; entre les diff & eacute;rents corpus dans la fa & ccedil;on dont ils cat & eacute;gorisent et calibrent les diff & eacute;rents types de texte et genres.