Exceeding 23% Efficiency for 3D/3D Bilayer Perovskite Heterojunction MAPbI3/FAPbI3-Based Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Stability

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) are gaining attention as a promising technology for next-generation photovoltaic devices owing to their impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) and cost-effective fabrication methods. Although, solution-processed passivation using 2D perovskites can improve the interface recombination, this approach hampers its effective charge transportation. In this study, the study investigates the properties and performance of the bilayer 3D/3D methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI(3))/formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI(3))-based perovskite heterojunction (BPHJ) to address these concerns. The bilayer structure consists of two distinct perovskite absorbers having independent structure that are sandwiched between two charge transporting layer (CTLs) to make functional device. First, the fabrication process is optimized to achieve high-quality MAPbI(3) perovskite films with controlled morphology and crystallinity followed by the formation of BPHJ using FAPbI(3) deposition by thermal evaporation technique. The BPHJ-160 nm-based PSCs with optimized parameters exhibit an enhanced PCE of 23.08% compared to single-layer reference (20.15%) device. The improved performance can be attributed to the effective charge extraction at the heterojunction interface and reduced charge recombination losses due to favorable energy levels. Furthermore, the long-term stability of the BPHJ-based perovskite device is assessed under continuous illumination along with its ambient and thermal stability across different environmental conditions.