Recycled and upcycled materials in contemporary architecture and civil engineering: Their applications, benefits, and challenges

This paper explores the increasingly popular practice of integrating recycled and upcycled materials in modern architecture and civil engineering and highlights their central role in promoting sustainability, energy efficiency, and environmental responsibility. Upcycling transforms discarded materials, such as reclaimed metal, wood, masonry, glass, concrete, and plastic, into valuable resources and offers a promising course for achieving sustainability. This research evaluates the performance, durability, and aesthetic potential of discarded materials through case studies of completed projects to illustrate their successful applications. It also addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with the widespread use of recycled and upcycled materials by focusing on technological advancements, lifecycle assessments, and economic feasibility. The findings underscore the significance of continued research and innovation in this field and the need for supportive government regulations and better public awareness. In summary, the study emphasizes the compelling need to integrate recycled and upcycled materials in construction to promote sustainable construction practices and develop a more resilient, resource-efficient built environment.