Design and Analysis of Surface Plasmon Resonance Refractive Index Biosensor with Label-Free Detection of Anemia, HIV, and Cholesterol Samples

The development of accurate and exceptionally sensitive biosensors for the prompt identification of critical health issues is of paramount importance for healthcare diagnostics. The design and analysis of the SPR-based trio-square nest-shaped refractive index biosensor (TSNSRIB) for the recognition of cholesterol, anemia, and HIV-infected cells have been demonstrated in the presented research work by utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software. The sensor leverages SPR's inherent sensitivity to figure out shifts in the refractive index across the metal-dielectric interaction caused by biomolecular interactions. The biosensor uses specialized bio-recognition components that measure the amount of hemoglobin for anemia testing, HIV-specific antibodies for HIV screening, and cholesterol molecules for cardiovascular risk estimation. The excellent sensitivity of 700 nm/RIU for sensing an anemia sample with a quality factor value of 4095.47 has been obtained. The excellent figure of merit value is 1898.56 with the lowest detection limit of 0.000127 for anemia detection in comparison to the HIV sample and cholesterol sample. These findings draw attention to the biosensor's capability to boost diagnostic capabilities and lead to improved outcomes for healthcare.