Factors affecting self-care behaviours of ulcer prevention and glycemic control among diabetes mellitus patients at type A hospital in Yogyakarta

Background: One of the most detrimental complications of diabetic foot ulcers is largely influenced by glucose levels. To prevent diabetes-related complications and injuries, diabetic patients have to possess all the knowledge and behaviours required to perform regular self-care. Objective: This study aimed to identify factors that influence the behaviour of diabetic patients to prevent diabetic foot ulcers. Method: The study design was a cross-sectional survey of 57 outpatients with all criteria. The self-care knowledge and behaviour were measured by filling out questionnaires. A chi-square statistical test and multiple logistic regression were used to assess the magnitude of the predictor variables in behaviour and glycemic control. Moreover, difference tests were performed to assess differences between groups according to the level of behaviour. Result: Out of 57 participants, 29 patients were having poor self-care behaviour. Of the 28 patients with uncontrolled glycemic, 12 had poor behaviour. The knowledge scores between poor and moderate behaviour showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.046). Knowledge had a 2-fold impact on behaviour (p = 0.025). Additionally, the type (p = 0.011) and the number (p = 0.040) of anti-diabetic medications in prescriptions affected glycemic control. Conclusion: Knowledge and behaviour of foot self-care and glycemic control are the key preventive factors.