Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited effective therapeutic options. Due to a variety of cancer cell-intrinsic factors, including KRAS mutations, chemokine production, and other mechanisms that elicit a dysregulated host immune response, PDAC is often characterized by poor immune infiltration and an immune-privileged fibrotic stroma. As understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) evolves, novel therapies are being developed to target immunosuppressive mechanisms. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have limited efficacy when used alone or with radiation. Combinations of immune therapies, along with chemotherapy or chemoradiation, have demonstrated promise in preclinical and early clinical trials. Despite dismal response rates for immunotherapy for metastatic PDAC, response rates with neoadjuvant immunotherapy are somewhat encouraging, suggesting that incorporation of immunotherapy in the treatment of PDAC should be earlier in the disease course. Precision therapy for PDAC may be informed by advances in transcriptomic sequencing that can identify immunophenotypes, allowing for more appropriate treatment selection for each individual patient. Personalized and antigen-specific therapies are an increasing topic of interest, including adjuvant immunotherapy using personalized mRNA vaccines to prevent recurrence. Further development of personalized immune therapies will need to balance precision with generalizability and cost.
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Dario Camberlingo Hosp, Med Oncol, I-72021 Francavilla Fontana, ItalyDario Camberlingo Hosp, Med Oncol, I-72021 Francavilla Fontana, Italy
Laface, Carmelo
Memeo, Riccardo
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F Miulli Gen Reg Hosp, Unit Hepatopancreat Biliary Surg, I-70021 Acquaviva Delle Fonti, ItalyDario Camberlingo Hosp, Med Oncol, I-72021 Francavilla Fontana, Italy
Memeo, Riccardo
Maselli, Felicia Maria
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Dario Camberlingo Hosp, Med Oncol, I-72021 Francavilla Fontana, ItalyDario Camberlingo Hosp, Med Oncol, I-72021 Francavilla Fontana, Italy
Maselli, Felicia Maria
Santoro, Anna Natalizia
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Dario Camberlingo Hosp, Med Oncol, I-72021 Francavilla Fontana, ItalyDario Camberlingo Hosp, Med Oncol, I-72021 Francavilla Fontana, Italy
Santoro, Anna Natalizia
Iaia, Maria Laura
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Dario Camberlingo Hosp, Med Oncol, I-72021 Francavilla Fontana, ItalyDario Camberlingo Hosp, Med Oncol, I-72021 Francavilla Fontana, Italy
Iaia, Maria Laura
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Ambrogio, Francesca
Laterza, Marigia
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Univ Bari, Div Cardiac Surg, I-70124 Bari, ItalyDario Camberlingo Hosp, Med Oncol, I-72021 Francavilla Fontana, Italy
Laterza, Marigia
Cazzato, Gerardo
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Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Emergency & Organ Transplantat, Pathol Sect, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, ItalyDario Camberlingo Hosp, Med Oncol, I-72021 Francavilla Fontana, Italy
Cazzato, Gerardo
Guarini, Chiara
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Dario Camberlingo Hosp, Med Oncol, I-72021 Francavilla Fontana, ItalyDario Camberlingo Hosp, Med Oncol, I-72021 Francavilla Fontana, Italy
Guarini, Chiara
De Santis, Pierluigi
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Dario Camberlingo Hosp, Med Oncol, I-72021 Francavilla Fontana, ItalyDario Camberlingo Hosp, Med Oncol, I-72021 Francavilla Fontana, Italy
De Santis, Pierluigi
Perrone, Martina
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Dario Camberlingo Hosp, Med Oncol, I-72021 Francavilla Fontana, ItalyDario Camberlingo Hosp, Med Oncol, I-72021 Francavilla Fontana, Italy
Perrone, Martina
Fedele, Palma
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Dario Camberlingo Hosp, Med Oncol, I-72021 Francavilla Fontana, ItalyDario Camberlingo Hosp, Med Oncol, I-72021 Francavilla Fontana, Italy
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Donald & Barbara Zucker Sch Med Hofstra Northwell, Dept Med Oncol Hematol, New York, NY 11042 USADonald & Barbara Zucker Sch Med Hofstra Northwell, Dept Med Oncol Hematol, New York, NY 11042 USA
Chi, Jeffrey
Patel, Rajvi
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Donald & Barbara Zucker Sch Med Hofstra Northwell, Dept Med Oncol Hematol, New York, NY 11042 USADonald & Barbara Zucker Sch Med Hofstra Northwell, Dept Med Oncol Hematol, New York, NY 11042 USA
Patel, Rajvi
Rehman, Hasan
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Donald & Barbara Zucker Sch Med Hofstra Northwell, Dept Med Oncol Hematol, New York, NY 11042 USADonald & Barbara Zucker Sch Med Hofstra Northwell, Dept Med Oncol Hematol, New York, NY 11042 USA
Rehman, Hasan
Goyal, Shreya
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Donald & Barbara Zucker Sch Med Hofstra Northwell, Dept Med Oncol Hematol, New York, NY 11042 USADonald & Barbara Zucker Sch Med Hofstra Northwell, Dept Med Oncol Hematol, New York, NY 11042 USA
Goyal, Shreya
Saif, Muhammad Wasif
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Donald & Barbara Zucker Sch Med Hofstra Northwell, Dept Med Oncol Hematol, New York, NY 11042 USADonald & Barbara Zucker Sch Med Hofstra Northwell, Dept Med Oncol Hematol, New York, NY 11042 USA
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Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
Univ Incarnate Word, Dept Math & Stat, San Antonio, TX 78209 USATexas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
Hu, Xiaochuan
Ke, Guoyi
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Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
Louisiana State Univ Alexandria, Dept Math & Phys Sci, Alexandria, LA 71302 USATexas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
Ke, Guoyi
Jang, Sophia R. -J.
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Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USATexas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
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Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Med Oncol, Boston, MA USA
Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Med Oncol, Boston, MA USA
Bockorny, Bruno
Grossman, Joseph E.
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Agenus Inc, Lexington, MA USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Med Oncol, Boston, MA USA
Grossman, Joseph E.
Hidalgo, Manuel
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Weill Cornell Med Coll, Div Hematol & Med Oncol, New York, NY USA
New York Presbyterian Hosp, New York, NY USA
Weill Cornell Med, Hematol & Med Oncol Div, 1305 York Ave,Room Y741, New York, NY 10021 USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Med Oncol, Boston, MA USA