Chinese clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced rectal injury

Although radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of cancer, it may have negative effects in some individuals. Rectal injury is a common adverse effect of abdominal and pelvic radiotherapy. This injury is caused by administering radiation to the abdomen. Appropriate treatment techniques can be determined if doctors have a better understanding of the incidence, risk factors, and clinical symptoms of radiation-induced rectal injuries. Studies on the underlying pathophysiology of radiation-induced rectal injury may aid in the development of effective treatment and prevention strategies. The implementation of efficient preventive measures can improve the quality of life of patients with cancer and make it easier for them to complete their treatment. Therefore, comprehensive and accurate assessments are crucial for developing holistic and individualized treatment plans for patients who have already developed symptoms, with early intervention being a priority. The implementation of efficient preventative measures can improve the quality of life. Preventive measures mainly focus on patient education, optimization of radiotherapy techniques (such as IMRT, IGRT, et al.), physical protection measures (injecting hyaluronic acid and collagen, inflatable balloon catheter), and pharmacological interventions (such as amifostine, misoprostol, sucralfate, et al.). Treating radiation-induced intestinal injury requires collaboration among a multidisciplinary team. Treatment options include observation, medication (systemic drugs, such as probiotics, antibiotics, NSAIDS, corticosteroids and topical enema drugs, such as sucralfate, antioxidants, GM-CSF, et al.), hyperbaric oxygen therapy, endoscopic treatment, and surgical treatment. image