Thermal Analysis of Continuous Casting Tundish Using a Conjugate Heat Transfer Model

A conjugate heat transfer (CHT) model was developed to analyse fluid flow and temperature distributions of molten steel in a single-strand tundish and to study heat transfer through linings and covering flux. Parameter studies were carried out to assess the thermal effects of linings and tundish covering flux (TCF). The results show that reducing the thermal conductivity of the insulation layer from 0.72 W/mK to 0.18 W/mK minimizes the heat loss by 27%. A 45-mm TCF layer reduces heat loss by 68% compared to an uncovered tundish, and a 67.5-mm TCF layer reduces heat loss by 74%. Surface heat loss contributes most significantly to the total heat loss in the tundish. This study demonstrates the feasibility of constructing an integrated mathematical model of the tundish using high-fidelity CFD simulations. The developed CHT model provides a more realistic representation of the thermal behaviour of the entire tundish. This approach is critical for accurately predicting temperature distributions and tundish performance during casting. The modelling results provide insights to improve tundish reliability, extend life, and reduce production costs.