Assessing radiological hazards from NORM in oil and gas production residues: a comprehensive study

This study investigated the radiological hazards associated with Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) in residues generated during oil and gas production. Eight samples were collected from various production facilities, with the highest activity concentrations observed in residues from separator and water treatment vessels. Key findings revealed significant radiological concerns. Radium Equivalent Activity (Raeq) values significantly exceeded the recommended safety limit of 370 Bq/kg in most samples, with a maximum value of 1148.60 Bq/kg. Calculated dose rates substantially exceeded the safety limit for workers in gamma-radiation environments, reaching a maximum of 201.44 nGy/h, while the safety limit is 57 nGy/h. Radon gas concentrations in some samples exceeded the recommended limit of 100 Bq/m3. External and Internal Hazard Indices (Hex and Hin) exceeded acceptable limits in four samples of the eight samples, suggesting potential risks to workers handling the residues. I gamma values exceeded 1 in Three Samples of the eight samples, indicating a significant radiological hazard to the public. While the Annual Effective Dose (AED) for workers remained within the recommended limit of 0.3 mSv/y, the concerningly high Annual Gonadal Dose Equivalent (AGDE), with a maximum of 295.65 mu Sv/y, suggests potential health risks. These findings emphasize the critical need for comprehensive radiological assessments and the implementation of robust management strategies, including appropriate handling, storage, and disposal practices, to mitigate the risks associated with NORM-contaminated residues in the oil and gas industry.