Evaluating the effectiveness of the transcorporeal approach in minimally invasive spine surgery for cervical spinal disease: a comprehensive review and technical insights

BackgroundThe evolution of minimally invasive spine surgery, propelled by microscopy and endoscopy techniques, has reshaped the landscape of spinal interventions. The anterior approach to the cervical spine is widely recognized for its reproducibility and effectiveness in treating pathologies leading to radiculopathy or myelopathy. Apart from the traditional transdiscal approach, this study delves into the anterior transcorporeal approach, a minimally invasive technique, exploring its applicability in various cervical spinal pathologies.PurposeThe objective is to comprehensively illustrate the anterior transcorporeal approach, exploring its historical development, biomechanical underpinnings, technical nuances, and clinical applications in managing cervical spine disorders.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive review using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. The search was focused on the minimally invasive anterior transcorporeal approach for cervical pathologies, with an emphasis on evaluating the methodological evolution, technical execution, and clinical outcomes across diverse studies.ResultsThe review identified a significant body of literature supporting the efficacy of the minimally invasive anterior transcorporeal approach. Over the past two decades, this approach has demonstrated encouraging clinical outcomes, suggesting its potential as an alternative strategy for specific cervical spine diseases. The evolution of this technique is tightly linked to the advancements in medical equipment and the innovative endeavors of surgical pioneers.ConclusionsThe anterior transcorporeal approach marks a milestone in minimally invasive cervical spine surgery. Its development reflects ongoing efforts to refine surgical techniques for better patient outcomes. While offering a promising alternative for treating certain cervical spine conditions, the approach demands precise case selection and is influenced by the rapid progression of medical technology. Future research and technological advancements are expected to further enhance the efficacy and safety of this approach, potentially expanding its indications in spinal surgery.