Microbe-Plant Combined Remediation Technology for Heavy Metals in Soil: A Comprehensive Review

Contaminating the soil with heavy metals(HMs,This abbreviation is used in all subsequent content) is a serious problem.Combining the two can be a more effective solution to soil heavy metal remediation. In this paper, Detailed overview of the contaminated soil remediation in a cooperative manner by microorganisms and plants was presented.The first is the growth-promoting mechanism of microorganisms, which enhances restoration by altering the nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and phytohormones in the plant growth environment. Secondly, by reducing oxidative stress in plants and enhance heavy metals bioavailability, heavy metals can be enriched. In addition, plants can provide nutrients for microbes by releasing some organic matter, and at the same time, they can enrich HMs and provide a good environment for fungus. In general, plant growth-promoting bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are usually combined with plants as tools for soil remediation. Finally, prominent cases of soil remediation in recent years were summarised. This review helps to understand how the most newer developments in the area of microbial-phytoremediation and will further strengthen the understanding of the mechanisms and Using microbial-plant cooperation to clean up contaminated soil,and it will make it easier to learn more about what are some of the more notable accomplishments and developments in the field in recent years, which are relevant for the expansion of this remediation methodology.