Adaptive power regulation-based coordinated frequency regulation method for PV and energy storage system

The gradually increasing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) generation presents challenges for frequency regulation and inertia in power systems due to the stochastic and intermittent nature of PV. In this paper, an adaptive power regulation-based coordinated frequency regulation method is proposed for PV-energy storage system (ESS) to provide bi-directional frequency regulation. Unlike traditional methods that rely on PV power reserves and the installation of ESS, the proposed coordinated frequency regulation method can improve generation benefits and reduce maintenance costs. In this strategy, a sliding mode control (SMC)-based adaptive power regulation strategy is proposed to restrain the upward fluctuation of frequency by adaptively regulating the power generation of the PV system. To mitigate downward fluctuations of frequency, the fuzzy virtual synchronous generator (VSG)-based adaptive power regulation strategy is proposed to adaptively adjust the output power of the ESS. Furthermore, the power generation of both the PV system and the ESS is adaptively regulated based solely on the local frequency without the need for communication, detailed PV and ESS models, or power estimators. Therefore, the proposed control method offers several advantages, including enhanced frequency regulation performance, ease of implementation, and improved economic efficiency of the system. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is validated through simulation and experimental results.