The socioeconomic impact of kidney disease on African families: a scoping review

Kidney disease is a non-communicable disease and a major global health burden, with increasing morbidity and mortality trends. It is predicted to become the fifth leading cause of disease by 2040. Unfortunately, most people are unaware that they have this condition until it has progressed. Research aimed at systematically summarizing findings on the socioeconomic effects of kidney disease on families in Africa was reviewed. Out of 245 papers, nine were selected for review. This review highlighted that the socioeconomic status of a patient is inversely related to chronic kidney failure (CKF). Both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its treatment are financially demanding for patients. The review found that consumers spend a significant amount of money on clinic appointments, hospital admissions, prescriptions, and kidney replacement treatments, such as hemodialysis. The lack of health insurance coverage across the African region pushes many families deeper into poverty. The impact is not only financial; it also affects education and employment. Some patients and their families experience delays in education and job loss. The cost of traveling to treatment facilities, as observed in Rwanda and Sudan, also imposes financial and social burdens. Additionally, the exclusive cost of essential medicines, such as those for lupus nephritis, and the lack of adequate nutritional products for dialysis patients further intensify the burden. The scoping review emphasizes the need to establish proper health policies and support systems to alleviate the socioeconomic burdens of families affected by kidney diseases in Africa. Access to health insurance, affordable treatment options, and community-based support services are crucial factors that can mitigate the catastrophic impact on individuals' financial status and families.