Bifacial perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with Ag nanoparticles as an intermediate layer

This study investigates a four-terminal (4T) bifacial Perovskite/Silicon (PVK/Si) tandem solar cell using 3D finite element method (FEM) simulation. An intermediate layer containing Ag nanoparticles (NPs) is introduced between the sub-cells which the NP radius of 47.5 nm has shown the suitable performance, balancing the top and bottom cell absorption. The main purpose of using Ag NPs at the intermediate layer is to enhance the absorption and improve the electrical characteristics of PVK top cell. Implementing of the optimized NPs results an improvement of the top cell's Jsc by 4.7% (reached to 19 mA.cm-2) also, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) has been increased by 11% (reached to 18.27%) in comparison with the cell without NPs. Following the optimization of the intermediate layer, the structural parameters of the bottom cell's interdigitated back contact (IBC) have been investigated under the global albedo reflection (0.3 x AM1.5G). The optimized configuration for the bottom cell has been achieved at Lambda = 1 mm and G/W = 2, resulting the Jsc and PCE of 20.78 mA.cm-2 and 11.5%, respectively. The final optimized structure exhibited a total PCE of 31.1%, representing an 11.5% improvement compared to the cell without albedo reflection.