A Hybrid Multivariate Multistep Wind-Speed Forecasting Model Based on a Deep-Learning Neural Network

Predicting wind speed is a complex undertaking influenced not only by the wind-speed sequence itself but also by various meteorological factors. This paper introduces a novel multivariate deep-learning neural network prediction model that takes into account not only historical wind-speed data but also a series of meteorological features relevant to wind speed. The meteorological features associated with wind speed are initially extracted using the random forest algorithm (RF). Subsequently, Variational Mode Decomposition and Autocorrelation Function analysis are employed for noise reduction in the wind-speed series. Finally, the wind-speed series are predicted using a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) deep-learning neural network, and an Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm is proposed to optimize the four parameters of the GRU. To validate the predictive performance of the model, experimental data from three cities in China, Shenyang, Dalian, and Yingkou, are utilized. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms other models, as evidenced by four key performance indicators.