From experimental evolution in the laboratory to sustained measurements of natural selection in the wild, long-term studies have revolutionized our understanding of evolution. By directly investigating evolutionary dynamics in real time, these approaches have provided unparallelled insights into the complex interplay between evolutionary process and pattern. These approaches can reveal oscillations, stochastic fluctuations and systematic trends that unfold over extended periods, expose critical time lags between environmental shifts and population responses, and illuminate how subtle effects may accumulate into significant evolutionary patterns. Long-term studies can also reveal otherwise cryptic trends that unfold over extended periods, and offer the potential for serendipity: observing rare events that spur new evolutionary hypotheses and research directions. Despite the challenges of conducting long-term research, exacerbated by modern funding landscapes favouring short-term projects, the contributions of long-term studies to evolutionary biology are indispensable. This is particularly true in our rapidly changing, human-dominated world, where such studies offer a crucial window into how environmental changes and altered species interactions shape evolutionary trajectories. In this Review article, we showcase the groundbreaking discoveries of long-term evolutionary studies, underscoring their crucial role in advancing our understanding of the complex nature of evolution across multiple systems and timescales.
机构:
Southwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R ChinaSouthwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China
Yang, Jing
Guo, Qian
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Southwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R ChinaSouthwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China
Guo, Qian
Li, Lei
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Southwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China
Southwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, 216 Tiansheng St, Chongqing 400716, Peoples R ChinaSouthwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China
Li, Lei
Wang, Ruixue
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Southwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R ChinaSouthwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China
Wang, Ruixue
Chen, Yucheng
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Southwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China
Chongqing Engn Res Ctr Rural Cleaning, Chongqing 400716, Peoples R ChinaSouthwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China
Chen, Yucheng
Wang, Xingrun
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Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Criteria & Risk Assessment, Beijing 100012, Peoples R ChinaSouthwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China
机构:
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation (Wannan Medical College), Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation (Wannan Medical College), Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College
Lan Jiang
Xiaoxu Li
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Beijing Life Science AcademyAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation (Wannan Medical College), Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College
Xiaoxu Li
Kun Lyu
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Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation (Wannan Medical College), Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation (Wannan Medical College), Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College
Kun Lyu
Han Wang
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School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural UniversityAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation (Wannan Medical College), Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College
Han Wang
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Zhiyuan Li
Wang Qi
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Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation (Wannan Medical College), Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College
Wang Qi
Lin Zhang
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School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese MedicineAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation (Wannan Medical College), Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College
Lin Zhang
Yunpeng Cao
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CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy ofAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation (Wannan Medical College), Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College
机构:
Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Plast Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USAUniv Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Shakir, Sameer
Humphries, Laura S.
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Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Plast Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USAUniv Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Humphries, Laura S.
Kalmar, Christopher L.
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Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Plast Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USAUniv Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Kalmar, Christopher L.
Bartlett, Scott P.
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Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Plast Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USAUniv Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Bartlett, Scott P.
Swanson, Jordan W.
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Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Plast Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USAUniv Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Swanson, Jordan W.
Taylor, Jesse A.
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Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Plast Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USAUniv Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA