Mullerian anomalies: revisiting imaging and classification
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作者:
Dixit, Rashmi
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Maulana Azad Med Coll, Dept Radiodiag, New Delhi, India
Associated Lok Nayak Hosp, New Delhi, IndiaMaulana Azad Med Coll, Dept Radiodiag, New Delhi, India
Dixit, Rashmi
[1
,2
]
Duggireddy, Chitty Suvarna
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Maulana Azad Med Coll, Dept Radiodiag, New Delhi, India
Associated Lok Nayak Hosp, New Delhi, IndiaMaulana Azad Med Coll, Dept Radiodiag, New Delhi, India
Duggireddy, Chitty Suvarna
[1
,2
]
Pradhan, Gaurav Shanker
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Maulana Azad Med Coll, Dept Radiodiag, New Delhi, India
Associated Lok Nayak Hosp, New Delhi, IndiaMaulana Azad Med Coll, Dept Radiodiag, New Delhi, India
Pradhan, Gaurav Shanker
[1
,2
]
机构:
[1] Maulana Azad Med Coll, Dept Radiodiag, New Delhi, India
Mullerian duct anomalies (MDA) are a group of uncommon but treatable causes of infertility and pregnancy complications. This review describes the embryology, American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) classification 2021, and corresponding imaging features of MDA. The three phases of embryological development of Mullerian duct structures are described. The main emphasis is on the ASRM 2021 classification of MDA into nine descriptive categories, while the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology and the European Society for Gynecologic Endoscopy (ESHRE/ESGE) classification is also briefly described where necessary. MRI imaging features of MDA along with the acquisition techniques are discussed in detail, as MRI is the ideal imaging modality for MDA diagnosis. In addition, the current role of imaging modalities such as hysterosalpingography and ultrasound including 3D transvaginal ultrasound is also elucidated. The review aims to revisit the MRI imaging features of Mullerian anomalies and reiterates that an accurate description of each anomaly and precise communication with clinicians is the priority rather than rigidly fitting the anomaly into one particular category.
机构:
Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, 505 Parnassus Ave,M-391, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAUniv Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, 505 Parnassus Ave,M-391, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Li, Yi
Phelps, Andrew
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Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, 505 Parnassus Ave,M-391, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAUniv Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, 505 Parnassus Ave,M-391, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Phelps, Andrew
Zapala, Matthew A.
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Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, 505 Parnassus Ave,M-391, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAUniv Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, 505 Parnassus Ave,M-391, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Zapala, Matthew A.
MacKenzie, John D.
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Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, 505 Parnassus Ave,M-391, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAUniv Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, 505 Parnassus Ave,M-391, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
MacKenzie, John D.
MacKenzie, Tippi C.
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Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, 505 Parnassus Ave,M-391, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAUniv Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, 505 Parnassus Ave,M-391, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
MacKenzie, Tippi C.
Courtier, Jesse
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Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, 505 Parnassus Ave,M-391, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAUniv Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, 505 Parnassus Ave,M-391, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
机构:
Phoenix Childrens, Dept Surg, Div Pediat Surg, Phoenix, AZ 85016 USAPhoenix Childrens, Dept Surg, Div Pediat Surg, Phoenix, AZ 85016 USA
Ochoa, Brielle
Weidler, Erica M.
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Phoenix Childrens, Dept Surg, Div Pediat Surg, Phoenix, AZ 85016 USAPhoenix Childrens, Dept Surg, Div Pediat Surg, Phoenix, AZ 85016 USA
Weidler, Erica M.
van Leeuwen, Kathleen
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Phoenix Childrens, Dept Surg, Div Pediat Surg, Phoenix, AZ 85016 USA
Phoenix Childrens, Dept Surg, 1919 Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85016 USAPhoenix Childrens, Dept Surg, Div Pediat Surg, Phoenix, AZ 85016 USA
机构:
Geisinger Med Grp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Endocrinol, Wilkes Barre, PA 18711 USAGeisinger Med Grp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Endocrinol, Wilkes Barre, PA 18711 USA