Childhood abuse and health outcomes in patients with fibromyalgia: a cross-sectional exploratory study of the moderating effects of pain catastrophizing and mindfulness

BackgroundChildhood abuse has been linked to poorer health outcomes in individuals with fibromyalgia (FM), and this relationship may be affected by cognitive processes such as pain catastrophizing and mindfulness.ObjectiveThis study investigated the impact of childhood abuse on pain-related symptoms and functioning in individuals with (FM) and examined how the critical psychosocial constructs of pain catastrophizing and mindfulness might moderate this relationship. We hypothesized that childhood abuse would be linked to greater physical symptoms and lower functioning, with pain catastrophizing and mindfulness influencing these associations.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 113 women with FM. Correlational analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between childhood abuse and health outcomes (pain severity, pain interference, fibromyalgia impact, and physical functioning). Moderation analyses were conducted to examine the impact of pain catastrophizing and mindfulness on the relationship between childhood abuse and health outcomes.ResultsAs expected, catastrophizing was generally associated with elevated pain-related symptomatology and reduced functioning, and higher levels of mindfulness were associated with reduced pain impact. However, contrary to our hypothesis, childhood abuse was not directly associated with pain severity, pain interference, fibromyalgia impact, or physical functioning. Pain catastrophizing and mindfulness were significant moderators of the relationship between childhood abuse and health outcomes. Specifically, childhood abuse was related to higher pain interference only at low levels of catastrophizing and was associated with greater fibromyalgia impact and reduced physical functioning only at high levels of mindfulness.ConclusionOur findings suggest that while childhood abuse did not directly impact pain-related outcomes in this sample of fibromyalgia patients, cognitive factors like pain catastrophizing and mindfulness play significant roles in moderating these effects. These results underscore the importance of assessing for cognitive and psychological factors in the management of fibromyalgia, especially for patients with a history of childhood abuse. Further research is needed to explore these relationships in more diverse samples and to develop personalized and targeted interventions for this patient population.