Effect of MMT-HNT Hybrid Nanoclay on Properties of UHMWPE Composite

Due to the increasing demand for artificial joint implants, two types of clays, montmorillonite (MMT) and halloysite nanotube (HNT), have been used either in combination as hybrid additives to reinforce the properties of the widely used polymer in the biomedical field (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)). The 5% nanoclay content was incorporated into all manufactured nanocomposite materials. Several tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical performance of these nanocomposite materials, including Izod, hardness, abrasion, and compression. Additionally, XRD analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and biocompatibility study were investigated to examine these nanocomposite's capacity to suit orthopedic applications. Compared to pure UHMWPE, the "hybridization" effect successfully increased the resistance of the nanocomposite. Although 5% HNT-UHMWPE composites underwent some degradation in impact strength, the excellent ductility preserved the composites to fail without catastrophic fracture. Based on the MTT assay, all nanocomposites exhibited good biocompatibility, evident by favorable cell growth with no signs of cytotoxicity after up to 96 h of incubation in media with different amounts of material in solution.