Scalable integrated multilayer anode structure for stable lithium accommodation and enhanced cycling performance in lithium metal batteries

The lithium metal anode (LMA) typically undergoes non-uniform lithium plating/stripping processes, causing the plated lithium to grow dendritically, and also suffers from significant variations in electrode thickness. This study addresses the technical challenges of lithium metal anodes by introducing a current collector/dual additives/ nylon mesh spacer integrated multilayer anode structure. In this anode structure, the nylon mesh spacer provides lithium accommodation space within the mesh internal space, suppressing thickness variations in the lithium layer regardless of its plated or stripped state. Simultaneously, the two types of additives integrated into the anode structure serve a dual function of promoting uniform lithium plating and facilitating the formation of a stable Li-electrolyte interface, enhancing the operational performance of the LMA even when a carbonate-based ester electrolyte is used. Furthermore, the multilayer anode structure outperformed the commercial graphite anode in capacity, rapid-charging, and cycling operations. The anode can be fabricated with low-cost materials and scalable processes, allowing its potential application in commercial lithium secondary batteries.