Application of Machine Learning in Construction Productivity at Activity Level: A Critical Review

There are two crucial resources (i.e., labor and equipment) of productivity in the construction industry. Productivity modeling of these resources would aid stakeholders in project management and improve construction scheduling and monitoring. Hence, this research aims to review machine learning (ML) applications in the process of construction productivity modeling (CPM) for construction labor productivity (CLP) and construction equipment productivity (CEP) from dataset acquisition to data analysis and evaluation, which includes their trends and applicability. An extensive analysis of 131 journals focused on the application of machine learning in construction productivity (ML-CP) from 1990 to 2024 via a mixed review methodology (bibliometric analysis and systematic review) was conducted. It can be concluded that despite the rise in automated dataset collection, the traditional method has its advantages. The review further found that the selection of ML models relies on each particular application, available data, and computational resources. Noticeably, artificial neural networks, convolutional neural networks, support vector machines, and even deep learning demonstrating have been adopted due to their effectiveness in different functionalities and processes in CPM. This study will supplement the insights gained in the review with a comprehensive understanding of how ML applications operate at each stage of CPM, enabling researchers to make future improvements.