PREVENTION OF COLD SHUT FORMATION IN STEEL CASTINGS.

The following precautions are recommended in order to overcome cold shut effects: maximize the rate of metal rise in the mold in keeping with the casting wall thickness and the steel composition; raise the pouring temperature, particularly for alloyed steels; provide organic additives in the greensand molding or use organic-based dressing; bake the molds; set the molds at an angle for pouring; as far as possible avoid spilling metal into the lowest lying parts of the modl cavity. By adopting these recommendations, and at the same time lowering the Ti content of steel 20GTL the incidence of cold shuts in thin-walled castings has been greatly reduced.