DESIGN OF A FIFTH DEGREE LOW-PASS FILTER IN SWITCHED-CAPACITOR TECHNOLOGY.

Starting with a 5th degree LC low-pass filter, a signal flow graph representing the leapfrog structure is developed, where the basic building block is a switched-capacitor integrator. The inaccuracy of the frequency transformation introduced by additional delays in the ″resistive″ branches is eliminated by applying a design centering procedure which maximizes the yield. For the analysis of the filter structure the flow graph provides a set of linear equations with the output signals of the op amps as variables. By linear transformation of these equations the dynamic range of the filter is optimized. Parasitic effects can be included in the analysis by slightly modifying the network equations.