Bill C-74, the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) a legislation to protect the environment and human health and life, is considered. Pollution will no longer be cheaper than environmental protection as such false economy can be punished by fines which the court estimates were the monetary benefits; also polluters can be assessed for all involved costs. Industry will prudently become cognizant of the need to test toxic substances and conform to the lists of prohibited and restricted substances which are in process of development.